Analysis of clinical phenotype and genetic variants among four Chinese pedigrees affected with Waardenburg syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for four Chinese pedigrees affected with Waardenburg syndrome (WS).@*METHODS@#Four WS probands and their pedigree members who had presented at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between July 2021 and March 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Proband 1, a 2-year-and-11-month female, had blurred speech for over 2 years. Proband 2, a 10-year-old female, had bilateral hearing loss for 8 years. Proband 3, a 28-year-old male, had right side hearing loss for over 10 years. Proband 4, a 2-year-old male, had left side hearing loss for one year. Clinical data of the four probands and their pedigree members were collected, and auxiliary examinations were carried out. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Proband 1, with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, blue iris and dystopia canthorum, was found to have harbored a heterozygous c.667C>T (p.Arg223Ter) nonsense variant of the PAX3 gene, which was inherited from her father. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4), and the proband was diagnosed with WS type I. Proband 2, with moderate sensorineural hearing loss on the right side and severe sensorineural hearing loss on the left side, has harbored a heterozygous frameshifting c.1018_1022del (p.Val340SerfsTer60) variant of the SOX10 gene. Neither of her parents has harbored the same variant. Based on the ACMG guidelines, it was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4+PM6), and the proband was diagnosed with WS type II. Proband 3, with profound sensorineural hearing loss on the right side, has harbored a heterozygous c.23delC (p.Ser8TrpfsTer5) frameshifting variant of the SOX10 gene. Based on the ACMG guidelines, it was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4), and the proband was diagnosed with WS type II. Proband 4, with profound sensorineural hearing loss on the left side, has harbored a heterozygous c.7G>T (p.Glu3Ter) nonsense variant of the MITF gene which was inherited from his mother. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4), and the proband was diagnosed with WS type II.@*CONCLUSION@#By genetic testing, the four probands were all diagnosed with WS. Above finding has facilitated molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling for their pedigrees.

Establishment of Flow Cytometric Immunobead Array Assay for Quantitation of Platelet-Specific Antibodies and Its Application / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a flow cytometric immunobead array assay (FCIA) to quantify platelet antibodies and to explore its application in the diagnosis and treatment of ITP.@*METHODS@#The guantitative standard curve was established by binding the human IgG of known concentration on antibody-coated microbeads; at the same time, the platelet-specific antigen and antibody complex was captured and levels of platelet antibodies were detected using the microbeads coated by 5 kinds of antibodies against platelets suca as GPIX (SZ1), GPⅠb (SZ2), GpⅢa (SZ21), GPⅡb (SZ22) and p-selection (SZ51). The fluorescence signal detected by flow cytometry were transformed into the conentration of platelet antibodies in samples through the quantitative standard curve, thereby establishing the method for quantititive detection of platelet-specific antibodies in plasm samples (FCIA), moreover the property, efficiency and clinical application of establishod FCIA method were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The FCIA could detect 5 kinds of antibodies against GPIX, GPⅠb, GpⅢa, GPⅡb and β-selection within a broad range of 33.29-1280 ng/ml, 45.17-1280 ng/ml, 42.07-1280 ng/ml, 46.40-1280 ng/ml, 42.48-1280 ng/ml and 42.48-1280 ng/ml respectively, and their recovery rates were 115.23%, 112.58%, 117.47%, 107.64% and 112.67% respectively. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) for anti- GPIX, -GPⅠb, -GpⅢa, -GPⅡb and p-selection antibodies was 3.54%, 3.63%, 4.66%, 6.43% and 6.67% respectively, and the inter-assay CV for above mentioned antibodies were 10.89%, 7.57%, 10.34%, 6.95% and 10.72% respectively. The detection showed that the levels of 5 kinds of platelet-specific antibodies in ITP group all were higher than those in non-ITP and healthy control groups (P＜0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of quantitatively detecting 5 kinds of antibodies for diagnosis of ITP by FCIA were 68.29%, 84.98% and 78.95% respectively, while the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of detecting 5 kinds of antibodies by modified indirect MAIPA were 41.46%, 90.41% and 72.81% respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The established quantitative FCIA for detection of antibodies provides a powerful tool for diaghosis and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of ITP patients.

Investigation on protective effect and efficacy difference of extract of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus against acetaminophen-induced liver injury / 中国中药杂志

The study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and pharmacodynamic difference of the ethanol extracts of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus on the drug-induced liver injury induced by acetaminophen.The cell activations of LO2 cells treated by Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts were tested by CCK-8 essay.The effects of ethanol extracts on cell survival rate,the activities of ALT and AST in culture medium were detected based on the injury model of LO2 cells induced by APAP.Further,in purpose to observe the protective effect of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts on a mouse model of liver injury induced by intraperitoneal injectionof acetaminophen was established.Mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,positive drug group and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts administration groups.The activities of ALT and AST in the serum and the levels of MDA,SOD,GSH and GSH-PX in the liver homogenate of the mice were detected by commercial kits.The HEstaining was used to observe the histopathological changes of liver tissue in each group and the TUNEL staining was used to observe the hepatocyte apoptosis.The results showed that the ethanol extracts at less than 1 g·L~(-1)did not affect the activity of LO2 cell.Compared with the model group,the cell survival rates of the Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extract administration groups was significantly increased;the ALT and AST in the culture medium were distinct decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The survival rate of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extract from different batches were similar,while that of the Schisandrea Sphenatherae Fructus ethanol extract from different batches were quite different(P<0.05or P<0.01).Further,animal experiments showed that Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extract administration groups could markedly inhibit the increase of ALT and AST levels in serum(P<0.01),decrease MDA content significantly(P<0.01),and increase GSH,GSH-PX and SOD activity significantly(P<0.01).Among them,compared with other groups,Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus ethanol extract-2 group showed the best effect(P<0.05 or P<0.01)while Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus ethanol extract-1 showed a poor effect(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In conclusion,both Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts have protective effect on APAP-induced drug-induced liver injury and there was a certain difference in the efficacy between Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts from different habitats.

Mediating effect of self-esteem in relationship between parental cohesion, peer acceptance and loneliness in left-behind children / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the relation between parental cohesion,peer acceptance and the loneliness of left-behind children,and furthermore explore the mediation role of self-esteem.Methods:Totally 427 left-behind children in Hubei Province (275 males,152 females) were surveyed,and the Parental Cohesion Scale (PCS),Peer Nomination (PN),Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Children Loneliness Scale (CLS) were used to assess parental cohesion,peer acceptance,self-esteem and loneliness respectively.The relation between parental cohesion,peer acceptance andthe loneliness of left-behind children,and the mediation role of self-esteem wereanalyzed.Results:The CLS scores in left-behind children were negatively correlated with the scores of PCS,PN,and SES (r =-0.31,-0.37,-0.50,P ＜ 0.01),the SES scoresplayed a mediation role in the relation between PN scores and CLS scores (95 ％ CI:-7.02--0.01),and between PCS scores and CLS scores (95 ％ CI:-0.18--0.09).Furthermore,the unique effect of the PN scores on the CLS scores (sr2 =0.10) was higher than that of PCS scores (sr2 =0.06).Conclusion:The current research indicates that the loneliness,parental cohesion,peer acceptance and self-esteem of the left behind children have a close relationship.Furthermore,it suggests that self-esteem may play partial mediating effects between parental cohesion,peer acceptance and the loneliness of left-behind children.

Prediction of round window visibility in cochlear implantation with temporal bone high resolution computed tomography / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To discuss the prediction of round window(RW) visibility in cochlear implantation(CI) with temporal bone high resolution computed tomography(HRCT).@*Methods@#From January 2013 to January 2017, 130 cases underwent both HRCT and CI in our hospital were analyzed. The distance from facial nerve to posterior canal wall(FWD), the angle between facial nerve and inner margin of round window(FRA), and the angle between facial nerve and tympanic anulus to inner margin of round window(FRAA) were detected at the level of round window on axial temporal bone HRCT. A line parallel to the posterior wall of ear canal was drawn from the anterior wall of facial nerve at the level of round window on axial temporal bone HRCT and its relationship with round window was detected (facial-round window line, FRL): type0-posterior to the round window, type1-between the round window, type2-anterior to the round window. Their(FWD, FRA, FRAA, FRL) relationships with intra-operative round window visibility were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.@*Results@#FWD(F=18.76, P=0.00), FRA(F=34.57, P=0.00), FRAA (F=14.24, P=0.00) could affect the intra-operative RW visibility significantly. RW could be exposed completely during CI when preoperative HRCT showing type0 FRL. RW might be partly exposed and not exposed when preoperative HRCT showing type1 and type2 FRL respectively.@*Conclusion@#FWD, FRA, FRAA and FRL of temporal bone HRCT can predict intra-operative round window visibility effectively in CI surgery.

Possible reasons for cerebrospinal fluid gusher in cochlear implantation with inner ear abnormality / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To discuss the possible reasons for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) gusher in cochlear implantation (CI) with inner ear abnormality.@*Method@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 340 cases who underwent CI from January 2013 to December 2016 in Division of Otology, Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Among them, 96 cases had inner ear abnormalities. Imaging examinations were performed on these patients, and classification of inner ear malformation was done according to the results.@*Results@#Among the cases with inner ear abnormality, 9.4% (9/96) suffered from CSF gusher during CI. The inner ear abnormalities were found to be as follows: 3 cases had incomplete partition type Ⅰ; 1 case had incomplete partition type Ⅰ with semicircular canal dysplasia; 1 case had common cavity deformity; 1 case had enlarged vestibular aqueducts and common cavity deformity; 2 cases had Mondini deformity. All of these cases had bony defect in the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus observed on CT scans. Another case was type 1 cochlear aqueduct with round window aplasia.@*Conclusions@#Defects in the modiolus or fundus of the internal acoustic meatus is the main reason for CSF gusher during CI. A patent cochlear aqueduct is another possible reason.

Progress in research on the pathogenesis of immune regulation and idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury / 药学学报

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury(IDILI)is an adverse drug reaction that occurs only in a minority of the population. IDILI also has many characteristics such as unpredictable and low morbidity, its occurrence has often not been clearly correlated with the dose, route, or duration of drug administration. Several studies have shown that IDILI is a synergistic effect which was caused by body diathesis, environment and drugs. In addition, evidence also suggests that most IDILIs are mediated by immunity. Chemical medicines-related IDILIs have been extensively studied, and a variety of immunological mechanism hypotheses have also emerged to explain the pathogenesis and characteristics of chemical medicines-related IDILIs. However, the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-related IDILI has always been neglected due to the complexity and specificity of TCM. In recent years, TCM-related IDILI has been gradually confirmed by researchers, and formed a new hypothesis, a immunological stress-mediated tri-elements synergetic mechanism hypothesis, which can reveal the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of TCM-related IDILI. This paper is prepared to summarize the immunological mechanism hypotheses of chemical medicine-related IDILI and TCM-related IDILI to provide a scientific basis for guiding IDILI research and establishing its clinical risk prevention and control measures.

Establishment of Double Antibody Sandwich ELISA for the Determination of Human Soluble VE-Cadherin in Human Plasma and Its Application / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of human soluble VE-cadherin in human plasma and to investigate its value in clinical use.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The monoclonal antibodies against human VE-cadherin were prepared from BALB/c mice immunized with prokaryotic expression recombinant proteins, and the best combination of double antibodies was selected by checkerboard titration method. Double antibody sandwich ELISA for the determination of human VE-cadherin was established by using HRP-labeled McAb as a detection antibody and a capture antibody. The methodology performance was evaluated. The plasma concentrations of VE-cadherin in 28 healthy subjects and 60 patients with cancer were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The double antibody sandwich ELISA for the determination of human VE-cadherin was established by selecting the combination of double antibodies. The detection limit was 24.7 pg/ml, the coefficients of variation for inner-batch and inter-batch were 4.1%-7.7% and 8.7%-10.8% respectively. The average recovery was 96.7%. The plasma level of soluble VE-cadherin in normal controls was 262.1±11.75 pg/ml. The plasma level of soluble VE-cadherin was 173.9±17.98 pg/ml in 24 patients with leukemia, 311.7±25.24 pg/ml in 14 patients with stomach cancer, 206.8±25.01 pg/ml in 11 patients with lung cancer, and 310.7±11.82 pg/ml in others patients(9 patients with breast cancer, 1 patients with gliomas, 1 patients with liver cancer).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The developed ELISA kit has better sensitivity and specificity, and can be used in detection of human soluble VE-cadherin in human plasma, therefore, it can provide a new mathod for diagnosis of cancer patients.</p>

Analysis of clinical characteristic of the middle ear malformation with cholesteatoma / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical characteristic of middle ear malformation with cholesteatoma.Methods From September,2011 to November,2016,23 cases of middle ear malformation with cholesteatoma were collected.Their symptoms,ENT examination,temporal bone high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and intraoperative findings were analyzed.Results All 23 patients had hearing loss.90.0％ patients had ear discharge and tinnitus.86.96％ patients had perforation in pars flaccida of tympanic membrane.95.7％ patients had poor mastoid gasification.73.9％ patients had undeveloped or dysplastic tympanic antrum.100％ patients had destruction of the ossicular chain.56.5％ patients had malformation of the ossicular chain.52.2％ patients had exposed facial nerve.30.4％ patients had hyperplasia of the attic bone.Conclusion The symptoms and physical examinations of middle ear malformation with cholesteatoma are the same as middle ear cholesteatoma.Poor mastoid gasification can usually be detected on temporal bone HRCT.The most common malformation is dysplastic tympanic antrum,followed by malformation of the ossicular chain,exposed facial nerve and hyperplasia of the attic bone.Temporal bone HRCT can indicate the malformation and destruction quite well.

The Outcomes of Domestic Cochlear Implants In Prelingually Deaf Children / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the development of auditory and speech skills and the safety and stability among the prelingually deaf children with Nurotron Venus cochlear implants.Methods A total of 78 cochlear implant subjects were recruited from the first of affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou university.They were divided into 5 groups according to the ages at the time of implantation: group A(between 13 and 24 months), group B(between 25 and 36 months),group C(between 37 and 48 months),group D(between 49 and 72 months),group E(between 73 and 96 months).Children were evaluated by IT-MAIS(group A and B) and MAIS(group C,D and E) before the surgery and 1 month,3 months,6 months, and 12 months after surgery.All children were evaluated by MUSS questionnaires 1 months, 3 months,6 months,and 12 months after surgery.Post-operative cochlear radiographs determine the position of the CIs.The complications and usage of The CIs were followed up.Results The auditory and speech ability of children with CIs improved constantly.The auditory and speech of different groups were statistically significant.All the surgeries of 78 cases Nurotron-Venus cochlear implants were successful.Post-operative cochlear radiographs showed electrodes in the normal position.2 cases had processor failures.The remaining CIs were implanted completely.Conclusion Within 1 year, the ability of auditory and speech improved gradually.The scores of auditory and speech about the small age groups are lower than older children in the early days.There is no influence on the audition in 12 months.Small children's scores of speech are lower than older children in 12 months.The better ability to integrate auditory information is , the better the ability to speak is.The Nurotron CIs work safety and effectively.

Influence of Cryopreservation on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Immunocompetence / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for isolation, cryopreservation and recovery of the highly viable human peripheral blood monomuclear cells (PBMNCs) so as to achieve the long-term preservation of PBMNCs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 80-100 ml peripheral blood were collected from the healthy volumteers aged over 50 years old. The PBMNCs were isolated by the Ficoll density gradient technique and cryopreserved gradually by program control method in liquid nitrogen freezer of -196 °C. The serum-free medium and autoloqous plasma medium were test for preservation of PBMNCs. The cell viability was assessed at time point of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 months after thawing. Finally, the proliferation ability, purity and cytotoxicity were compared between the autologous immune lymphocytes (AIL) induced from cryopreserved PBMNCs and AIL as control from fresh PBMNCs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After separating, the cell viability was 99.6%±0.4%, and the recovery rate of lymphocytes was 58.4%±6.52%. The cell recovery rate of lymphocyte was 89.7%±3.82% at 24 months. The quality assurance program was reliable within 2 years of running. The AIL cells induced with cryopreserved PBMNCs were not significantly different from those induced from fresh PBMNCs in terms of proliferative action, purity and cytotoxicity(CD3(+)CD8(+) ≥45%,CD3(+)CD56(+) NKT≥10%,CD4(+)CD25(+) NKT≤10%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Manual separation of lymphocytes in vitro can get enough high-quality PBMNCs. The long-term cryopreserved PBMNC still maintain their high viability. The reinfusion of the clinical autologous immune cells would be advantageous for early tumor immunotherapy. Human AIL induced from cryopreserved PBMNC maintain their anti-tumor ability. These findings have the important implications for the application of these cells to adoptive cellular therapy.</p>

Clinical Features and Treatment of Tympanic Membrane Atelectasis / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of the tympanic membrane atelectasis and treatment methods ,and to provide a reference value for future clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods A retro‐spective analysis of 86 patients(104 ears) with tympanic membrane atelectasis treated in our hospital from June 2011 to August 2013 .Disease severity was classified according to the erasmus classification of atelectasis by Sade ,and pre- and post -operative air -bone gaps (ABG) were compared .Results There was no statistical difference of mastoid gasification on CT scan between mild and sever tympanic membrane atelectasis (P>0 .05) .While the sta‐tistical difference was found in two groups of whether there were soft tissues in middle ear and mastoid cavity on CT scan(P<0 .05) .There was an improvement in the average ABG for all stages .Conclusion This study demonstrated that surgical intervention had a favorable effect on hearing level across all stages .The treatment of atelectatic ears should be taken and individualized .

Analyses prognostic factors relevant to sudden sensorineural hearing loss / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic factors relevant to sudden sensorineural hearing loss.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The internationally accepted standardized clinical research methods, unified design, and unified program were adopted to conduct the prospective clinical multi-center study. The sudden deafness patients between 18 to 65 years old, with the course of this disorder less than two weeks, and without any medical treatments were collected, and then, divided into four types according to the hearing curve: type A, acute sensorineural hearing loss in low tone frequencies; type B, acute sensorineural hearing loss in high tone frequencies; type C, acute sensorineural hearing loss in all frequencies; and type D, total deafness. The factors, in terms of age, gender, type of initial audiogram, time delay before the first visit, and severity of hearing loss, were included in the analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1 024 cases with single side sudden deafness were collected in the study from 33 hospitals in China from August 2007 to October 2011, inclusive of for 492 males (48.05%) and 532 females (51.95%). The average age was (41.2 ± 12.8) years old. There were 553 cases (54.00%) in left ear, and 471 cases (46.00%) in right ear. The curative effects of different types were shown as follows: the type in low tone frequencies had the highest rate of 90.73%, the type in all frequencies was 82.59%; the type of total deafness was 70.29%; and the type in high tone frequencies had the lowest rate of 65.96%. It had significant difference of the effective rate between different types (χ(2) = 231.58, P = 0.000). Age, time delay before first visit, and severity of initial hearing loss were significantly correlated with hearing improvement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Initial audiogram of SSNHL might predict hearing recovery. The young in age and a short time delay before starting treatment are positive prognostic factors for hearing recovery in SSNHL. The initial severity of hearing loss is negative prognostic factor of hearing recovery.</p>

Correlation of Plasma Co-stimulatory Molecules B7-H2 and B7-H3 with Platelet Auto-antibodies in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether the plasma level of platelet auto- antibodies in ITP patients is related to that of co-stimulatory molecules sB7-H2 and sB7-H3.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 61 ITP patients and 25 healthy controls from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from June 2012 to August 2013 were enrolled in this study. The expression levels of platelet auto-antibodies against 5 glycoproteins (GPIX, GP Ib, GP IIIa, GPIIb and P-selectin) in plasma were detected by flow cytometric immuno-beads array, and the expression of soluable co-stimulatory molecules sB7-H2 and sB7-H3 was measured by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plasma levels of 5 auto-antibodies against platelet membrance glycoproteins significantly increased in ITP patiens (P < 0.01). Compared with healthy controls, sB7-H2 levels increased (P < 0.05), while the sB7-H3 level did not significantly change (r = 0.13, P > 0.05). However, the correlation analysis showed that sB7-H3 negatively correlated with platelet P-selectin auto-antibody (r = -0.46, P < 0.05), and sB7-H2 and sB7-H3 significantly reduced in ITP patients with positive P-selectin auto-antibody (P < 0.01). In ITP patients, platelet counts negatively correlated with sB7-H2 (r = -0.3907, P < 0.01), but did not correlate with sB7-H3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Soluble costimulatory molecule sB7-H2 elevates in ITP patients, and the level of sB7-H3 is associated with auto-antibodies against P-selectin, suggesting that costimulatory molecules B7-H2 and B7-H3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of immune regulation abnormality in ITP.</p>

Effect of particulate allogeneic acellular dermal matrix (PADM) combined with autologous split-thickness skin (STS) on wound healing in rats / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of mixed grafting of allogeneic PADM and autologous STS on wound healing of full-thickness defect in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Full-thickness defects with size of 6 cm x 4 cm were produced on the back of 12 SD rats, and they were divided into E group (n = 6) and C group (n = 6) according to the random number table. The wounds in E group were grafted with a mix of allogeneic PADM (expansion rate 10: 5) and autologous STS with thickness of 0.2 mm, while those in C group were grafted with autologous STS in the same thickness. The wound healing rate, survival rate, contraction rate, and expansion rate of transplanted skin were observed at post operation week (POW) 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 20. Tissue samples form wounds and surrounding normal skin were harvested at POW 20 for histopathological observation as follows. The structure of collagen fiber bundle was observed by HE staining, the diameter and gap rate of collagen fiber bundle were also measured. The distribution of type I and III collagen was observed by sircus red staining, and the contents of type I, III collagen and their ratio were also examined. Data were processed with independent samples t test, Levene test, and t' test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Survival rate of transplanted skin in E group at POW 2 [(76.1 +/- 13.1)%] was obviously lower than that in C group [(94.5 +/- 1.3)%, t' = 3.440, P = 0.018]. Contraction rate of transplanted skin in E, C groups at POW 3 showed significant difference [(34 +/- 8)% vs. (16 +/- 12)%, t = -3.211, P = 0.009]. Compared with those in peri-wound normal skin, collagen fiber bundles in C group showed signs of homogenization, and collagen fibers were thin with irregular arrangement. Collagen fiber structure and arrangement of composite skin in E group were similar to those surrounding normal skin with incomplete degradation of PADM. Diameter of collagen fiber bundle [(9.6 +/- 0.8) microm], gap rate between collagen bundle [(24 +/- 5)%], content of type I collagen [(80.2 +/- 5.4)%] and the ratio of type I to type III collagen (4.3 +/- 1.2) in E group were all increased as compared with those in C group [(7.3 +/- 1.4) microm (t = -3.562, P = 0.005), (17 +/- 4)% (t = -2.760, P = 0.020), (68.1 +/- 8.4)% (t = -2.981, P = 0.014), 2.3 +/- 1.0 (t = -3.204, P = 0.009)], while content of type III collagen [(19.8 +/- 5.4)%] in E group was lower than that in C group [(32.0 +/- 8.4)%, t = 2. 981, P = 0.014]. Above-mentioned indexes of collagen in wound of E group were similar to those of normal skin surrounding the wound.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Allogeneic PADM used as dermal regeneration template is beneficial in improving collagen fiber bundle structure in dermis layer of rats with full-thickness skin wounds when repaired with autologous STS, and it accelerates maturation of regenerative dermal tissue.</p>

An Investigation on the Impression of the Chinese People on Chinese Urban Children / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To study the impression of Chinese people on Chinese urban children, their main source of information about the Chinese people, and the infvuence of age, school, and gender upon their evaluation. Methods: 383 Chinese urban children ranging from 5 to 12 years were interviewed individually or investigated with the questionnaire. Results: Most of the children reported that the Chinese were happy, clean, peaceful, clever, hardworking, kind and nice. However, the urban children's positive impression of the Chinese people was decreased with their growing up. The study also found that children's information on the Chinese people was mainly in order from television, newspapers, books and cartoons, parents, classmates, friends and teachers, and radio, and that the information source became increasingly diversificed with age. No significant difference in gender and between two schools was found. Conclusion: Chinese urban children had a positive impression of Chinese people, and they had a preference and identity for Chinese people . Mass media were the main source of information.